KAJIAN DAMPAK PERUBAHAN IKLIM TERHADAP KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN DEFORESTASI DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT

Abstract

Increasing or decreasing of rainfall intensity, due to the climate change, affects the environment condition in many Indonesia areas. For instance: low rainfall intensity causes high number of forest fire occurrence in Kalimantan Island. The impact of climate change is studied by analyzing the correlation among rainfall intensity, number of forest fire occurrence and forest area change in West Kalimantan Province. The rainfall is extracted using Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) data for 2001-2008. The number of forest fire occurrence is identified by the number of hotspot extracted from thermal sensor of satellite data MODIS for 2001 - 2008. The forest area is calculated from MODIS data for 2003, 2005, 2007 and 2009. Pixel which has Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) value more than 0,7 along a year round is assumed as forest pixel. The NDVI value is obtained by doing training sample in forest area. The result shows that the rainfall has slightly upward trend in Kalimantan. The rainfall has negative correlation with the number of hotspot. When the rainfall was the lowest and the number of hotspot was the highest in 2004, the forest area between 2003 and 2005 decreased (deforestation) significantly. On the other hand, when the rainfall was high and the hotspot was low in 2008, no decreasing in forest area otherwise we found the increasing of forest area. It is probably due to reforestation and expansion of plantation area (such as oil palm).