Tension Pneumoperitoneum Due to Sigmoid Diverticulum Perforation: A Case Report

Abstract

Tension pneumoperitoneum is a rare, life-threatening condition in which intra-abdominal free air causes increased intra-abdominal pressure, compromising organ function. When secondary to sigmoid diverticulum perforation, it can be particularly dangerous. We present the case of a 74 year old male who developed tension pneumoperitoneum following a perforated sigmoid diverticulum, leading to severe aortic compression and hemodynamic instability. Rapid diagnosis and emergency surgical intervention led to a favorable outcome. This case underscores the importance of early recognition and intervention in tension pneumoperitoneum, especially when complicated by vascular compression. It also highlights the rare but critical association of elevated intra-abdominal pressure with aortic compression