Journal of Medicine and Health Technology

The Color Blindness Disorders and the Role of Sex-Linked Genes

Muhammad Ainur Rosyid Ridho — 2025-11-10

Sex linkage is defined as the pattern of allele expression and inheritance associated with an individual's sex chromosomes. Sex-linked genes are genes located on the sex chromosomes. Genes associated with the X chromosome are referred to as X-linked genes or X chromosome genes. Color blindness is a condition in which a person is unable to distinguish certain wavelengths of light that can be differentiated by normal vision. The ratio of the index finger length (2D) compared to the ring finger length (4D) is an inherited trait influenced by sex-influenced gene expression. Patterns of baldness in humans, or androgenetic alopecia (AGA), are age-related conditions characterized by hair thinning, miniaturization, and hair loss. The objective of the research titled “Color Blindness and the Role of Sex-Influenced Genes” is to determine whether a person is color blind and to identify the genotype of each individual in a group based on the size of their index finger. The methods used include an online Ishihara test for color blindness, conducted by each subject using a prepared website. For the sex-influenced gene experiment, participants made patterns of their index, ring, and middle fingers on both hands on HVS paper, and the finger lengths were observed. The results showed that all participants were not color blind (normal), and some participants had longer index fingers, longer ring fingers, or equal lengths of the index and ring fingers.

The Role of Microbiota in Atopic Dermatitis

Desiana Widityaning Sari — 2025-11-10

Skin microbiota play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Damage to the integrity of the skin mucosa allows penetration of allergens and colonization of the skin by pathogenic microorganisms. This can then stimulate inflammation related to excessive activation of Th2 lymphocytes throughout the body including the digestive tract and respiratory tract. The understanding of the latest definition of AD emphasizes this disease as a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by disruption of the skin barrier, inflammation, and dysbiosis (an imbalance between commensal and pathogenic bacteria, which then has significant health implications). Skin dysbiosis is based on an increase in the concentration of Staphylococcus aureus colonization, which causes a decrease in the number of commensal bacteria. Changes in the microbiota in AD affect the functioning of the immune system, stimulating inflammatory reactions that are manifested as atopic eczema. This concept of dysbiosis is important to discuss because it can influence new strategies for the treatment and prevention of AD. This article will further discuss the role of microbiota in AD.

A Study on the Potential of Cinnamon and Jasmine as an Alternative Therapy for Managing Respiratory Tract Infections

Muhammad Ainur Rosyid Ridho — 2025-11-10

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) remain a significant global health burden, particularly due to increasing antibiotic resistance. Natural compounds have gained interest as alternative therapies to address this challenge. This study explores the potential of cinnamon (Cinnamomum sp.) and jasmine (Jasminum sp.) as herbal remedies for RTI management. Cinnamon contains bioactive compounds such as cinnamaldehyde and eugenol, which exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Jasmine, on the other hand, possesses linalool and benzyl acetate, which contribute to its bronchodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. The synergistic interaction between these two botanicals may enhance immune response, reduce airway inflammation, and inhibit respiratory pathogens. This systematic review compiles evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies to evaluate the efficacy of cinnamon and jasmine in RTI treatment. The findings suggest that both plants hold promise as complementary or alternative therapies, potentially reducing reliance on conventional antibiotics and mitigating antimicrobial resistance. Further clinical trials are recommended to confirm their therapeutic applications.

Phytochemicals, Bioactivity, and Utilization of Etlingera elatior as a Medicinal Plant

Muhammad Ainur Rosyid Ridho — 2025-11-10

Etlingera elatior, commonly known as torch ginger, is a plant widely used as a cooking spice. Native to Southeast Asia, E. elatior is not only valued for its culinary uses but also for its high nutritional content. It is also used medicinally, including as a treatment for typhoid fever and various other diseases. The bioactivity of this plant has been extensively studied. It has antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, tyrosinase-inhibiting, cytotoxic, and hepatoprotective properties. E. elatior acts as an antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperuricemia, anti-inflammatory, larvicidal, skin-whitening, anti-aging, and wound-healing agent. These biological activities are attributed to its rich content of phytochemical compounds, including phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, steroids, and terpenoids. Given its wide range of biological activities and chemical compounds, E. elatior warrants further research to contribute to the development of natural medicinal plants in Indonesia.

Exploring the Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Potentials of Annona squamosa L. : A Systematic Review of Traditional Uses and Modern Applications

Muhammad Ainur Rosyid Ridho — 2025-11-10

Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae) is a tropical evergreen fruit tree with a long history of traditional use across various cultures. Its fruit, known as srikayas, is commonly consumed fresh and used in candies, ice creams, and beverages. Different parts of A. squamosa have been widely applied in ethnomedicine as tonics, apophlegmatisants, coolants, abortifacients, and heart sedatives. Phytochemical studies have identified key bioactive compounds including annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs), diterpenes (DITs), alkaloids (ALKs), and cyclopeptides (CPs), with 33 diterpenes, 19 alkaloids, 88 acetogenins, and 13 cyclopeptides reported up to 2016. Extensive research reveals A. squamosa exhibits diverse pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, antiparasitic, antimalarial, insecticidal, microbicidal, and molluscicidal effects. Notably, diterpenes and acetogenins contribute to its potent anticancer properties through apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. Leaf and seed extracts demonstrate significant antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective actions, while seed peptides exhibit vasorelaxant and hypotensive effects via calcium channel inhibition. This review integrates phytochemical, ethnopharmacological, and bioactivity data, highlighting the therapeutic potential of A. squamosa and encouraging further clinical studies to validate its medicinal applications.

Numerical Analysis of the Failure of a 3D-Printed Knee Joint for a Transfemoral Amputee

Majid Amelia Arsyl — 2025-11-10

A leg prosthesis is a tool that can help people with disabilities due to amputation or birth defects. Prosthetic leg products created through the 3D printing process on the knee joint have been reported to have cracked after two months of use. The purpose of this study was to observe the causes of failure of knee joints in prosthetic legs printed using the 3D printing method. The numerical method based on the finite element method, ANSYS Workbench 2023, was chosen to complete the structural simulation. The model parameters observed in the simulation were the printing orientation, model position, and equivalent plastic strain of PETG, ABS, and PLA. Several print-direction positions were considered in this simulation, namely 0°, 45°, and 90°. Static simulation of the structure was performed because only the static forces acted on the knee joint. Static forces were obtained by applying the principle of static equilibrium to rigid objects. The results of the numerical simulation showed that damage to the knee joint made of PTEG was caused by the plane of 90°. The orientation position causes the force received in the perpendicular direction of the knee joint component; thus, it tends to break the printing layers. The ideal printing orientation for the knee joint is 0° orientation. This orientation is considered suitable because it has the highest safety factor compared to other orientations.