https://journal.its.ac.id/index.php/limits/issue/feed Limits: Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications 2025-07-19T04:30:44+00:00 Prof. Dr. Chairul Imron, MI.Komp. cha_imron15@its.ac.id Open Journal Systems <p>Limits: Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications merupakan jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Pusat Publikasi Ilmiah LPPM Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia. Limits menerima makalah hasil riset di semua bidang Matematika, terutama bidang Analisis, Aljabar, Pemodelan Matematika, Sistem dan Kontrol, Matematika Diskrit dan Kombinatorik, Statistik dan Stokastik, Matematika Terapan, Optimasi, dan Ilmu Komputasi. Jurnal ini juga menerima makalah tentang survey literatur yang menstimulasi riset di bidang-bidang tersebut di atas..</p> <p>Jurnal Limits: Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications <span id="result_box" lang="id">terbit tiga kali dalam setahun, pada bulan Maret, Juli dan November. Jurnal Limits terbit pertama kali (vol. 1 no. 1) pada tahun 2004 masih dalam versi cetak, tahun 2016 vol. 13 no. 2 sudah tersedia versi online dan semua proses sudah dilakukan secara online.</span></p> <p><span lang="id">Sejak tahun 2025 tepatnya pada Volume 22 Nomor 2 Tahun 2025 Jurnal Limits mulai migrasi ke OJS 3 , untuk publikasi sebelum volume tersebut masih bisa diakses melalui link <a href="https://iptek.its.ac.id/index.php/limits/issue/archive" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://iptek.its.ac.id/index.php/limits/issue/archive</a></span></p> <p>Alamat Redaksi Jurnal LIMITS, Departemen Matematika FSAD-ITS, Kampus ITS, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia, Phone: +62-31-5943354, Email: limits.matematika@its.ac.id </p> <table border="0"> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td><strong>Journal title</strong></td> <td>:</td> <td>Limits: Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Frequency</strong></td> <td>:</td> <td>3 kali dalam 1 tahun</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Print ISSN</strong></td> <td>:</td> <td><strong><a href="https://issn.brin.go.id/terbit/detail/1180427598">1829-605X</a></strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Online ISSN</strong></td> <td>:</td> <td><strong><a href="https://issn.brin.go.id/terbit/detail/1489030329" target="_self">2579-8936</a></strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Editor-in-chief</strong></td> <td>:</td> <td>Prof. Dr. Chairul Imron</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Publisher</strong></td> <td>:</td> <td>Pusat Publikasi Ilmiah LPPM Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Citation Analysis</strong></td> <td>:</td> <td> <p><a href="https://search.crossref.org/?q=%22Limits%3A+Journal+of+Mathematics+and+Its+Applications%22&amp;from_ui=yes" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Crossref</a>, <a href="https://scholar.google.co.id/citations?user=YYcLqooAAAAJ&amp;hl=id">Google Scholar</a>, <a href="https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/journal/view/12236" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Garuda</a>, <a href="https://sinta.kemdikbud.go.id/journals/profile/1989" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sinta</a>, <a href="https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?and_facet_source_title=jour.1298515" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dimensions</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Status Akreditasi</strong></td> <td>:</td> <td><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/17CzM_3IbLa8H6hnnteg1fRJEBa526K_I/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Sinta 2</strong></a>, mulai Vol 20 No 3 Tahun 2023 sampai dengan Vol 25 No 2 Tahun 2028</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><br /><br /></p> https://journal.its.ac.id/index.php/limits/article/view/3057 Perbandingan Metode GWR, MGWR, dan MGWR-SAR pada Data Persentase Penduduk Miskin di Pulau Jawa 2025-03-21T07:52:12+00:00 Andina Fahriya andinafahriya30@gmail.com Budi Susetyo budisu@apps.ipb.ac.id I Made Sumertajaya budisu@apps.ipb.ac.id <p>The primary goal of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to end poverty everywhere in all its forms. Poverty is defined as the inability to meet basic needs, such as food, clothing, shelter, education, and healthcare. In Indonesia, the poor population has reached 26.36 million people, with half of them residing on Java Island. Extensive research has been conducted on poverty, particularly using a spatial approach. Spatial regression is a statistical method that explicitly incorporates geographical aspects into a model framework. In spatial regression, two main challenges arise: spatial dependence and heterogeneity. These two effects are inherently interconnected and must be considered simultaneously. Mixed Geographically Weighted Regression with Spatial Autoregressive (MGWR-SAR) is a combination of Mixed Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) and Spatial Autoregressive (SAR). MGWR-SAR effectively addresses both spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity simultaneously. This study aims to determine the best method for modeling the percentage of poor population on Java. The variables used included PPM, BPJSPBI, PPKM, PLSMP, PPTB, BPNT, NCPR, and IPM. The kernel function was selected based on the smallest cross-validation (CV) value, which was a Fixed Gaussian with a CV of 603.8268. Based on the GWR model, the global variables identified were PPTB, BPNT, and IPM, whereas the remaining variables were local. The MGWR-SAR method was found to be the best model for predicting the percentage of poor population, with an AIC = 448.9645, RMSE = 1.9075, and = 75.23%.</p> 2025-07-19T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Limits: Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications https://journal.its.ac.id/index.php/limits/article/view/3450 Bifurkasi pada Model Predator-Prey Diskret dengan Fungsi Respon Ratio-Depedent dan Pemanenan 2025-03-28T22:21:23+00:00 Agus Suryanto suryanto@ub.ac.id Vira Hari Krisnawati suryanto@ub.ac.id Sri Puji Lestari suryanto@ub.ac.id Denis Andre Matatula suryanto@ub.ac.id Mohammad Fahrurrozy suryanto@ub.ac.id <p>This article discusses a predator-prey model with a ratio-dependent functional response and harvesting in both populations. The differential equation of predator-prey model is discretized using the Euler method. The dynamics of the obtained discrete time model are investigated by determining the fixed points as well as their stability properties, and bifurcation analysis. Bifurcation analysis shows that the discrete time model can experience bifurcation, both period-doubling bifurcation and Neimark-Sacker bifurcation, when the value of time-integration step passes a critical value. The analysis results have been confirmed by our numerical simulation results presented at the end of this article.</p> 2025-07-19T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Limits: Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications https://journal.its.ac.id/index.php/limits/article/view/3455 Dimensi Metrik pada Graf Bintang Kipas dan Graf Bunga Sepatu 2025-03-29T22:51:21+00:00 Layinatu Khusniyatinna'im layinatukhusni@student.uns.ac.id Tri Tri Atmojo Kusmayadi tri.atmojo.kusmayadi@staff.uns.ac.id Titin Sri Martini titinsmartini@staff.uns.ac.id <p>Let &nbsp;be a connected graph with set of vertices &nbsp;and set of edges . The distance from two distinct vertices , denoted by , is the length of the shortest path from &nbsp;and &nbsp;in . Let &nbsp;be an ordered subset of . For any vertex , the representation of vertex &nbsp;with respect to &nbsp;is defined as k-ordered pairs . The set &nbsp;is said to be the resolving set of &nbsp;if every two vertices differ &nbsp;then . The basis of &nbsp;is the resolving set of &nbsp;with the smallest cardinality. The cardinality of the base &nbsp;is defined as metric dimension, and is denoted by . This research aims to find the metric dimension of fan star graph and hibiscus graph. The research method in this research is a literature study. The result of this research are as follow the metric dimension of the fan star graph are &nbsp;for &nbsp;and &nbsp;and &nbsp;for &nbsp;dan , then the metric dimension of the hibiscus gaph are &nbsp;for &nbsp;and &nbsp;for .</p> 2025-07-19T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Limits: Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications https://journal.its.ac.id/index.php/limits/article/view/3462 Bilangan Kromatik Lokasi Graf Tentakel 2025-04-01T22:55:49+00:00 Azizah Riana Putri azizahrianaputri@gmail.com Syafrizal Sy syafrizalsy@gmail.com Monika Rianti Helmi azizahrianaputri@gmail.com <p>The locating-chromatic number of a graph was introduced by Chartrand et al. in 2002, which is a combined concept between the vertex coloring and partition dimension of a graph. The locating-chromatic number of a graph is a grouping of vertices on a graph based on color, which is called a color class, provided that each vertex on the graph has a different color code. Determining the locating-chromatic number of a graph is done by constructing the lower and upper bound of the locating-chromatic number of the graph. In this paper, we determine the locating-chromatic number of the tentacle graph, which is denoted by T_(k,m,n). Tentacle Graph is a graph constructed from a triangular book graph Bt_n whose common edge is amalgamated with C_k. Then two vertices in C_k that are adjacent to the vertex associated with the terminal edge are amalgamated with the star graphs S_(n_1) and S_(n_2). By determining the lower and upper bounds of the location chromatic number, it is obtained that the location chromatic number of Tentacle Graph is 4, m=1,n=2, n+1, for m&gt;=1, n&gt;= m + 2, and m + 2, for m &gt; 1, n &lt; m + 2.</p> 2025-07-19T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Limits: Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications https://journal.its.ac.id/index.php/limits/article/view/3463 Penjadwalan Kereta Bandara dan Commuter Line Yogyakarta Menggunakan Aljabar Max-Plus 2025-04-02T23:25:18+00:00 Nindya Yan Pramesti nindyayanpramesh@gmail.com Angela Merici Olivia Putri angelamerici214@gmail.com Marcellinus Andy Rudhito rudhito@usd.ac.id <p>Trains serve as a crucial mode of public transportation, significantly impacting people's mobility. Residents of Solo and Yogyakarta have experienced firsthand the benefits of trains for traveling between cities, whether using commuter or airport trains. However, the schedules for the YIA airport train, Adi-Soemarmo airport train, and Yogyakarta Commuter Line are not currently coordinated, as they are planned based solely on passenger demand. Synchronizing the departure times of these three train types is essential to ensure that trains are available when passengers need to transfer between different routes. This study aims to develop a network model for the departure schedules of the Yogyakarta Commuter Line, Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA) airport train, and Adi-Soemarmo airport train. It uses max-plus algebra to analyze the scheduling, culminating in the determination of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The research employs literature review and Software Scilab. The findings revealed a maximum eigenvalue of (A) = 136 and an eigenvector in the form of a 16 1 real number matrix. Based on this maximum eigenvalue, a synchronized train schedule was created, with departures every 2 hours and 16 minutes, or 136 minutes.</p> 2025-07-19T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Limits: Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications https://journal.its.ac.id/index.php/limits/article/view/3467 Perbandingan Metode Euler - Estimasi Galat Neural Network dan Metode Runge Kutta Orde 4 dalam Menyelesaikan Persamaan Diferensial Biasa Linear 2025-07-14T06:35:28+00:00 Ratna Herdiana herdiana.math@gmail.com Clarine Alfiani clarine.alfiani07@gmail.com <p>Linear ordinary differential equations are a type of differential equation that is generally easy to solve analytically when the function on a partial integral has a simple form. However, when the function is a difficult function, it requires other methods such as numerical methods and methods adapted from neural networks because analytical methods can only be used when the problem has a simple geometric interpretation. This study involves the Euler method followed by error estimation using neural networks and the Runge-Kutta Orde-4 method as a comparison. The comparison was carried out by solving four equations which were then analyzed for the results and errors in each method based on the graphs generated and the MAPE criteria. The results of the study based on graphs show that the error generated by the method with error estimation using neural networks is more stable than the 4<sup>th</sup> Order Runge-Kutta method. In addition, based on the results of calculations with the MAPE criteria, the error estimation method using neural networks produces a very high level of accuracy in the category, while the 4<sup>th</sup> Order Runge-Kutta method produces a level of accuracy in two categories, namely the very high and reasonable categories</p> 2025-07-19T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Limits: Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications https://journal.its.ac.id/index.php/limits/article/view/3469 Comparative Analysis of Mathematical Models: A Case Study of Used Smartphone Price Depreciation 2025-05-23T08:30:18+00:00 Muhammad Nezha Alfatah Chandrawisesa 105221021@student.universitaspertamina.ac.id Annisa Rizky Safitri 105221028@student.universitaspertamina.ac.id Muhammad Zaki Almuzakki m.z.almuzakki@universitaspertamina.ac.id Tasmi Tasmi tasmi@universitaspertamina.ac.id <p>The price depression of the smartphone after it becomes used is one of the factors that consumers should consider when buying used smartphones. Therefore, accurate prediction of the price of used smartphones becomes a better insight into marketing strategies, and consumer purchasing decisions. The study aims to compare the performance of the Holt-Winters model damped, logistical decay, and exponential decay to predict the price depression of used smartphones. This research method uses historical data from some used smartphone prices as a basis for analysis. Comparisons between the three models were made to assess the performance of each in representing price depression behavior. Then, a statistical analysis was conducted to determine the most optimal model in predicting the price depression of used smartphones, the optimity of a model measured by the accuracy and speed of the computer performing the model execution. The accuracy measure in this study is the mean square error (MSE) value generated by a model with historical data alignment based on the ratio to the price when the smartphone has not been indicated as usable and the execution speed measure is the time it takes a computer to execute the model. The results show that the Holt-Winters damped model provides the most optimal predictive results compared to the exponential and decay models. This is demonstrated by the lower MSE average value twice as low as compared with the other two models, on the other hand, the holt-winters Damped has the weakness of requiring the longest average execution time of the three models with an average performance speed of 2.7 seconds, but the shortfall is not fatal because the predicted time period in this case is monthly so there is no urgency to advance the speed of seconds rather than accuracy<em>.</em></p> 2025-07-19T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Limits: Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications https://journal.its.ac.id/index.php/limits/article/view/3471 Diffusion-Advection Reaction in Gierer-Meindhart System 2025-06-12T03:37:44+00:00 Annisa Diva Putri Trynita anndpt@student.uns.ac.id Sutrima Sutrima sutrima@staff.uns.ac.id <p>Gierer-Meinhardt system is a mathematical model commonly used to describe chemical and biological phenomena, specifically the interaction between two types of molecules: activator and inhibitor. Diffusion reactions are processes where chemical molecules move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration randomly. In this research, the Gierer Meinhardt system with advection components is considered. The mathematical model developed consists of partial differential equations (PDE) for two variables, namely the activator and the inhibitor, with the addition of an advection component that depends on the flow speed. Studies show that the presence of advection significantly affects the characteristics of the patterns formed. Advection reactions cause more regular and oriented patterns compared to patterns produced only by diffusion. This research uses theoretical analysis methods and literature studies to analyze the impact of advection-diffusion reactions on the Gierer Meinhardt system. In this research, it is concluded that the equilibrium point which was initially stable when becomes stable only when and .</p> 2025-07-19T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Limits: Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications https://journal.its.ac.id/index.php/limits/article/view/3912 Ketimpangan Pendapatan antara Wilayah Perkotaan dan Perdesaan di Indonesia tahun 2019-2023 2025-04-28T01:01:30+00:00 Rika Lusiana Simbolon 212112323@stis.ac.id Timbang Sirait timbang@stis.ac.id <p>One of the biggest challenges in income inequality is the existence of income inequality between urban and rural areas, especially in developing countries. In 2019-2023, the average income of urban residents was 1.7 times higher than that of rural residents. The existence of income gaps between urban and rural areas can hinder equitable economic growth and worsen social inequality. Currently, household income is greatly influenced by the integration between the digital economy and the real economy. The development of the digital economy plays a role in increasing economic growth. However, its acceleration risks worsening social exclusion, inequality between groups, and wealth concentration. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the influence of the digital economy on income inequality between urban and rural areas in 33 provinces in Indonesia in 2019-2023 using a panel regression model. The results of measuring income inequality using the Theil L index show that the contribution of income inequality between urban and rural areas to national inequality has decreased in 2019-2023. The development of the digital economy in terms of infrastructure, business climate, research and innovation, and funding/investment has a significant influence in reducing income inequality between urban and rural areas. Meanwhile, in terms of human resources, it has a significant influence in increasing income inequality between urban and rural areas.</p> 2025-07-19T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Limits: Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications https://journal.its.ac.id/index.php/limits/article/view/4364 Analisis Kualitas Layanan Aplikasi Ruangguru dengan E-Servqual dan Net Promoter Score (NPS) 2025-06-03T04:48:20+00:00 Wafa Subchan wmuqsithoh@gmail.com Moch. Tutuk Safirin mochtusa@gmail.com <p>Digital transformation in the education sector has led to an increase in the use of online learning applications such as Ruangguru. Ruangguru is an online learning platform, which offers various digital products to support the learning process and provide a more interactive learning experience. However, meeting customer satisfaction and gaining user loyalty are key challenges in digital service development. This study aims to analyze the service quality of the Ruangguru application using the e-servqual approach which has seven dimensions, efficiency, fulfillment, reliability, privacy, responsiveness, compensation, and contact, to identify areas of improvement needed, as well as the Net Promoter Score (NPS) method to determine customer loyalty in using the Ruangguru application. Data was collected through questionnaires to 100 respondents who use the Ruangguru application. The results show that there is a gap between customer perceptions and customer expectations with a negative value, which indicates that the Ruangguru application has not met user expectations. The NPS value obtained from the formula calculation is 21, which indicates the level of customer loyalty is within the loyal parameter.</p> 2025-07-19T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Limits: Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications