POLICY FRAMEWORKS FOR BIOCHAR-DRIVEN SOIL REVITALIZATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION IN INDONESIA

Abstract

Indonesia’s agricultural sector faces persistent challenges related to land degradation, declining soil fertility, and increasing climate variability, while large volumes of agricultural biomass residues remain underutilized and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. This study examines the role of biochar as a nature-based solution that simultaneously supports soil revitalization and climate change mitigation in Indonesia. Using a policy-oriented and qualitative synthesis approach, the study integrates scientific literature, government regulations, market reports, and international benchmarking to assess the biophysical benefits of biochar, existing policy frameworks, and implementation gaps. Evidence from field applications in Central Java indicates that biochar can substantially improve soil properties and increase crop productivity, while its stable carbon structure enables long-term carbon sequestration and reductions in soil-based greenhouse gas emissions. Comparative analysis of international experiences highlights the importance of regulatory standardization, economic incentives, market integration, and capacity-building programs in accelerating biochar adoption. Based on relevance analysis using the THIO framework, this study formulates a phased National Biochar Implementation Roadmap (2025–2029) and proposes policy recommendations structured under the S.M.A.R.T framework. The findings demonstrate that biochar has significant potential to enhance soil health, strengthen sustainable agricultural systems, and contribute to Indonesia’s climate mitigation and food security objectives, provided that supportive and integrated policy mechanisms are effectively implemented.