Organizational Climate, Job Safety Analysis, and Crew Safety Behavior for Barito River Collision Prevention

Abstract

The Barito River navigation channel is characterized by dense traffic and dynamic river conditions that increase the risk of ship collision. Internal incident data from PT XXX recorded 135 ship accidents during 2023–2025, with collision ranking as the second largest category after grounding. This study analyzes the influence of organizational climate and Job Safety Analysis (JSA) implementation on crew safety behavior and their implications for collision prevention in the Barito River channel. A descriptive quantitative approach was applied using a closed-ended questionnaire distributed to 200 crew members operating tug and barge vessels and 5 port captains, with data analyzed through SEM-PLS. To complement the quantitative findings, a real-case assessment test involving five Port Captains was conducted using a realistic collision scenario. The results show that JSA implementation has a positive and significant effect on safety behavior and collision prevention, while safety behavior also has a positive and significant effect on collision prevention. Organizational climate shows a positive but statistically insignificant effect on safety behavior, while its direct effect on collision prevention is negative and significant. The model explains 64.7% of the variance in safety behavior and 62.1% of the variance in collision prevention, with both endogenous constructs also showing predictive relevance. The real-case assessment confirms that lookout quality, communication, role clarity, and pre-operational risk control are critical factors in preventing collisions in narrow river navigation. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening JSA practice and safe operational behavior to improve navigation safety in the Barito River channel