The Distribution of Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn in Prambatan River-Cultivation Pond, Batu, East Java

Abstract

Heavy metals accumulated in sediments have the potential to be transferred to benthic organisms and affect the quality of aquaculture water sources. This study aims to analyze variations in the accumulation of heavy metals Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn in sediments and Sulcospira testudinaria in inlet rivers, cultivation ponds, and outlet rivers to describe the distribution patterns of heavy metals and evaluate the potential of Sulcospira testudinaria as a bioindicator of heavy metal pollution in freshwater. Metal concentrations in sediments and Sulcospira testudinaria were analyzed using ICP-AES, while bioaccumulation ability was evaluated by calculating the Biota-Sediment Accumulation Factor (BSAF). The results showed that the concentrations of Cr and Zn in sediments were still below the Interim Sediment Quality Guideline (ISQG), Cu was in the range of ISQG-Probable Effect Level (PEL), while Ni at most stations exceeded the PEL. The metal accumulation pattern in Sulcospira testudinaria follows the order Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr. The average BSAF values indicate that Cu (1.72) and Zn (2.97) have high bioaccumulation capacity (BSAF>1), while Cr (0.34) and Ni (0.25) have low bioaccumulation capacity (BSAF<1). Therefore, Sulcospira testudinaria has the potential to be used as a bioindicator of heavy metal pollution in freshwater systems.