The Influence of Shipyard Layout on Sustainability Performance Based on the Triple Bottom Line through Operational Efficiency Mediation: A SEM-PLS Approach

Abstract

This study examines the effect of shipyard layout on sustainability performance based on the Triple Bottom Line, with operational efficiency as a mediator. The main issue is a layout that evolves without integrated planning, reducing material flow efficiency and operational performance. The method used is Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) based on questionnaire data with purposive sampling. The results indicate that layout has a significant effect on sustainability performance, both directly and through operational efficiency as a key mediator. These findings confirm that layout optimization not only enhances efficiency but also improves environmental and social performance. This study positions layout as a strategic determinant in a sustainable production system.