Spatial and Socio-Economic Determinants of Public Acceptance and Management of Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants

Abstract

Wastewater treatment systems are vital to secure the public health and environment by processing wastewater to be less harm. This research aims to analyse the domestic wastewater management system and develop strategic management steps specifically for the Lhokseumawe City area. The method employed is a quantitative analysis using a cross-sectional approach. Primary data were collected through field surveys, questionnaires, and interviews, while secondary data included population and city maps. Data analysis utilized the Chi-Square test to determine correlations between respondent characteristics, such as age, education, and income, and their knowledge or attitudes regarding wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Results and discussion reveal that Lhokseumawe residents generally hold positive knowledge (75%) and attitudes (86%) toward wastewater management. Significant correlations were found between education levels and management knowledge (α < 0.05). While Muara Satu residents showed the most positive engagement, otherwise the Blang Mangat community requires further educational intervention. The conclusion suggests that local governments should strengthen community-based training and awareness campaigns, particularly targeting youth, women, and low-education groups, to ensure sustainable and effective wastewater management.