Implementation Of The ISM Code For Enhancing Maritime Safety: Evidence From Merchant Vessel at Tanjung Perak Port Surabaya

Abstract

Maritime accidents remain a strategic issue due to operational complexity and human factors. Despite the implementation of the International Safety Management (ISM) Code, effectiveness is impeded by inconsistent procedures, inadequate supervision, and a suboptimal safety culture. The objective of this study is to formulate a national safety policy model for commercial vessels that incorporates multidimensional governance integration to minimize accident risks. A mixed-methods approach with a sequential explanatory design was applied to 186 certified seafarers, including masters, deck officers, chief engineers, and engineers on commercial ships anchored at the port of Tanjung Perak. Start using questionnaire survey of the linkert scale then data were further enriched through interviews, observation. The findings indicate that more than 90 percent of informants stated that there had been an increase in safety awareness on the ship. Nevertheless, elevated work pressures, fatigue risks, and inadequate inter-ministerial coordination were identified. The novelty this research in the development of a comprehensive policy model that integrates a variety of aspects, including regulatory, institutional, human resource, technological, and safety culture, into a unified framework. The efficacy of maritime safety systems hinges on their ability to proactively anticipate risks that transcend the boundaries of formal compliance.