Digital Transformation for Enhancing Port Competitiveness, Resilience, and Sustainability: Evidence from Tanjung Perak Port, Surabaya

Abstract

Indonesian ports are under sustained pressure to reduce dwelling time, logistics costs, and environmental exposure while maintaining operational resilience in the face of supply chain disruptions. This study examines digital transformation as a strategic intervention influencing port competitiveness, resilience, and sustainability. A qualitative case study was conducted at Tanjung Perak Port, Surabaya, using policy documents, operational reports, and observations of digital systems implemented during the 2019–2024 period. The data were analyzed through thematic content analysis. The findings indicate that digital platform integration is associated with a 20–30% reduction in administrative processing time and improved stakeholder coordination. However, resilience gains were not uniform, as their effectiveness declined in several instances when policy synchronization remained weak. These results suggest that the benefits of digitalization depend not only on technological adoption, but also on governance reform and human resource capacity building. The study contributes to the literature by positioning digital transformation as an integrative lever linking competitiveness, resilience, and sustainability in the context of Indonesian ports.