Dinamika Spasio-Temporal NDVI, NDWI, NDBI, dan Land Surface Temperature dalam Kaitannya dengan Intensitas Urban Heat Island di Wilayah Barat Kabupaten Maros Periode 2017–2025
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Fenomena Urban Heat Island (UHI) menjadi persoalan lingkungan yang semakin kritis seiring meningkatnya tekanan urbanisasi di kawasan perkotaan dan periurban Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dinamika spasio-temporal NDVI, NDWI, NDBI, Land Surface Temperature (LST), dan distribusi UHI di wilayah barat Kabupaten Maros, Sulawesi Selatan, pada periode 2017, 2021, dan 2025. Data yang digunakan adalah citra Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS Collection 2 Level-1 yang diolah melalui Google Earth Engine dan Python, serta data tutupan lahan ESRI Land Cover. LST dihitung menggunakan pendekatan proporsi vegetasi berbasis NDVI menuju estimasi emisivitas dan inversi Planck, sedangkan UHI diidentifikasi berdasarkan selisih LST terhadap nilai rata-rata dan standar deviasinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai LST maksimum meningkat dari 35,93°C pada 2017 menjadi 43,97°C pada 2025, disertai penurunan area Non-UHI dari 28.065,31 Ha menjadi 24.755,75 Ha. Analisis korelasi Pearson menunjukkan bahwa NDWI (r = -0,525 hingga -0,725) dan NDBI (r = +0,525 hingga +0,725) merupakan variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap variasi LST, sedangkan korelasi NDVI dengan LST bersifat positif lemah akibat dominasi lahan pertanian di wilayah penelitian. Temuan ini mengonfirmasi bahwa ekspansi kawasan terbangun dan degradasi badan air merupakan pendorong utama intensifikasi UHI di wilayah barat Kabupaten Maros.
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Referensi
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