Tinjauan Pustaka: Metode Analisis Perubahan Morfologi Pantai
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Abstract
Perubahan morfologi pantai menjadi isu penting dalam pengelolaan pesisir karena memengaruhi ekosistem, infrastruktur, dan ketahanan wilayah, terutama di Indonesia yang memiliki garis pantai kedua terpanjang di dunia. Kajian ini meninjau perkembangan metode analisis perubahan morfologi pantai periode 2000-2025 serta mengidentifikasi kelebihan, keterbatasan, dan relevansinya di kawasan tropis, dengan fokus pada pesisir utara Jawa Timur. Metodologi mengikuti protokol PRISMA melalui identifikasi, penyaringan, penilaian kelayakan, dan seleksi akhir, menghasilkan 88 artikel dari Scopus dan pustaka nasional. Hasil menunjukkan metode DSAS/GIS dan citra satelit mendominasi studi jangka panjang, sedangkan UAV/LiDAR unggul untuk pemantauan lokal berpresisi tinggi. Model numerik efektif mensimulasikan skenario ekstrem, tetapi memerlukan data rinci yang masih terbatas di Indonesia. Dalam dekade terakhir, machine learning dan Google Earth Engine mulai diterapkan untuk analisis otomatis skala besar, meskipun terkendala minimnya data ground truth. Kajian ini menekankan perlunya integrasi multi-metode untuk pemahaman komprehensif dan pengembangan pendekatan hibrid bagi mitigasi abrasi, adaptasi iklim, dan perencanaan pesisir berkelanjutan.
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