Tinjauan Pustaka: Analisis Spasial-Temporal Fluktuasi TDS dan Konduktivitas Listrik sebagai Indikator Awal Kontaminasi Logam Berat
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Abstract
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) dan Konduktivitas Listrik (Electrical Conductivity/EC) merupakan parameter kunci dalam pemantauan kualitas air yang sering berkorelasi kuat dengan keberadaan kontaminan, termasuk logam berat. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan tema penelitian mengenai hubungan spasial-temporal antara TDS, EC, dan kontaminasi logam berat dalam air tanah dan permukaan berdasarkan studi-studi terkini. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan sistematis terhadap beberapa artikel penelitian yang terindeks Scopus yang terbit antara tahun 2016 hingga 2025. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa TDS dan EC secara konsisten berfungsi sebagai indikator awal yang efektif untuk identifikasi awal area yang tercemar logam berat, dimana nilai tinggi kedua parameter ini sering kali bertepatan dengan konsentrasi logam berat (seperti Cd, Pb, Cr) yang melebihi batas aman. Studi-studi tersebut memanfaatkan teknik Geographic Information System (GIS) dan penginderaan jauh untuk memetakan sebaran spasial dan tren temporal. Tinjauan ini juga mengidentifikasi kesenjangan penelitian, seperti kebutuhan akan model empiris yang lebih kuat yang menghubungkan langsung variasi TDS dan EC dengan jenis dan konsentrasi logam berat spesifik, serta perlunya integrasi data satelit resolusi tinggi untuk pemantauan berkelanjutan. Disimpulkan bahwa pendekatan integratif antara pengukuran in-situ TDS EC, analisis logam berat, dan teknologi geospasial sangat penting untuk manajemen sumber daya air yang berkelanjutan.
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