Estimation of Total Suspended Sediment and Chlorophyll-A Concentration from Landsat 8-Oli: The Effect of Atmospher and Retrieval Algorithm

Abstract

Total Suspended Sediment (TSS) and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) are globally known as key parameters for regular seawater monitoring. Considering the high temporal and spatial variation of water constituents, remote sensing technique is an efficient and accurate method for extracting water physical parameters. Highly accurate estimated data derived from remote sensing depends on an accurate atmospheric correction algorithm and physical parameter retrieval algorithms. In this research, we evaluated the accuracy of atmospheric corrected product of NASA as well as developed algorithms for estimating TSS and Chl-a concentration over Poteran and Gili Iyang island water using Landsat-8 OLI data. The data used in this study was collected from Poteran’s waters (9 stations) on April 22, 2015 and Gili Iyang’s waters (six stations) on October 15, 2015. Low correlation between in situ and Landsat Rrs(lambda) (R^2 = 0.106) indicated that atmospheric correction algorithm performed by NASA has limitations. The TSS concentration retrieval algorithm produced acceptable accuracy both over Poteran’s waters (RE of 4.60% and R^2 of 0.628) and over Gili Iyang’s waters (RE of 14.82% and R^2 of 0.345). Although the R^2 was lower than 0.5, the relative error was more accurate than the minimum requirement of 30%. Meanwhile, the Chl-a concentration retrieval algorithm produced acceptable results over Poteran (RE of 13.87% and R^2 of 0.416) and failed over Gili Iyang’s waters (RE of 99.14% and R^2 of 0.090). The low correlation between TSS or Chl-a measured and estimated concentrations was caused not only by the performance of the developed TSS and Chl-a estimation retrieval algorithm but also by the effect and accuracy of atmospheric corrected reflectance of the Landsat product.