Searching for Cu, Cd, Zn Bioindicator Species of Macrofauna Benthic in Kangean Archipelago and Surabaya, Indonesia

Abstract

The comparative study of copper accumulation, cadmium and zinc by macro fauna benthic species has been achieved in the Kangean Archipelago and Surabaya Indonesia. The preliminary survey had been taken because of the scientific data did not exist on the metallic contamination in the Kangean Archipelago. In comparison, Surabaya is an industrial city that presents a strong potential contamination of copper, cadmium and zinc refer to the previous studies. The main object of the research was comparing the contamination level of the two sites by the slant concentration measurement on the abundant of macro fauna benthic species. It would be possible to define the bio indicator species of the contamination in order to use it as the term on the whole inter tropical centre. The results showed that there was a specific differentiation between copper and cadmium concentration for Gafrarium tumidum Kangean in varied sizes. Anadara inadequate collected from Kangean had shown the same variation but not for the cadmium concentration. The variances analysis of two factors, size versus site, on Anadara inadequate from both of sites showed that there were specific differentiation between copper and zinc concentration, but not for cadmium. Generally, the contamination level of copper, cadmium and zinc in Surabaya is higher than Kangean. The species of Nassarius globosus, Saccostrea cucullata, Hinia species and Anadara inadequate can be used to bioindicator species. The Anadara inadequate species is an ideal bioindicator species for the surveillance of cadmium contamination because they mostly found in both of sites and accumulated in average strongly with 10.98 to 11.31 microgram per gram dry weight.