Kuantifikasi Thermal Comfort Zone di Area Perkotaan Tropis Menggunakan Pendekatan Data Penginderaan Jauh: Tinjauan Pustaka Bibliometrik
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Eskalasi pengembangan wilayah perkotaan di daerah tropis telah memperburuk fenomena Urban Heat Island (UHI). Kondisi ini berdampak negatif pada kesehatan, produktivitas, dan konsumsi energi. Artikel ini merupakan tinjauan bibliometrik tentang pemanfaatan penginderaan jauh untuk mengukur kenyamanan termal. Bidang ini telah berkembang dari pemetaan anomali suhu fisik menjadi penilaian yang lebih kompleks menggunakan indeks kenyamanan termal biometeorologis seperti PET dan UTCI. Munculnya citra satelit resolusi tinggi seperti Landsat dan MODIS serta kerangka kerja Local Climate Zone (LCZ) telah membantu standardisasi dan memungkinkan perbandingan global. Meskipun ada kemajuan, tantangan besar masih ada. Masalah utama adalah korelasi yang buruk antara LST yang diperoleh dari satelit dan Thermal Comfort Zone (TCZ) di tingkat pejalan kaki. Selain itu, ada keraguan tentang keakuratan indeks kenyamanan termal global yang dikembangkan di iklim sedang untuk diterapkan di daerah beriklim tropis. Validasi model dengan pengukuran di lapangan juga sulit, terutama di wilayah yang kekurangan data. Untuk mengatasi ini, penelitian di masa depan harus mengintegrasikan faktor non-fisik seperti psikologi dan budaya. Bidang ini juga membutuhkan lebih banyak fusi data, menggabungkan berbagai data satelit dan pengukuran di lapangan. Penggunaan teknologi seperti machine learning, digital twins, and artificial realities memiliki potensi besar untuk mengubah bidang ini dari ilmu deskriptif menjadi ilmu prediktif. Hal ini akan membantu perencana kota merancang kota yang lebih tahan iklim dan layak huni.
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